{"id":7856,"date":"2022-06-21T14:38:08","date_gmt":"2022-06-21T09:38:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/step-up.uz\/?p=7856"},"modified":"2022-11-09T10:55:33","modified_gmt":"2022-11-09T05:55:33","slug":"marshutizatsiya-asoslari","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/step-up.uz\/en\/marshutizatsiya-asoslari\/","title":{"rendered":"Marshutizatsiya asoslari."},"content":{"rendered":"

VLANlar o\u2019rtasida marshrutizatsiya<\/h2>\n\n\n
\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

Eski variant (lekin amaliyotda ishlatilmoqda)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

Yaxshiroq yechim (Router on a stick)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

L3 switch orqali marshutizatsiya<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Marshutizatsiya asoslari<\/h2>\n\n\n
\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

Amaliyot<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Cisco Packet Tracer dasturini ishga tushuramiz va ishni 2 ta 2811 router qurilmasini o\u2019rnatishdan boshlaymiz, keyin 2 ta 2960 switch olamiz va routerlarda serial interfeys o\u2019rnatilmaganligi sababli qo\u2019shimcha NM-4A\/S modulini o\u2019natamiz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Keyingi bosqich kabellarni bog\u2019lash bo\u2019lib, 2 ta routerni se1\/0 interfeysiga Serial DCE kabel turi orqali bog\u2019lab olamiz. Qolgan qurilmalarni ham to\u2019g\u2019ri-to\u2019g\u2019ri bog\u2019lanishli kabel orqali bog\u2019lab olamiz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Would you like to enter the initial configuration dialog? [yes\/no]: no<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Router 1 ni sozlaymiz:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Router(config)#hostname R1
R1(config)#interface se1\/0
R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.0.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)#no shut
R1(config-if)#exit
R1(config)#interface fa0\/1
R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)#no shut<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Router 2 ni sozlaymiz:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Router(config)#hostname R2
R1(config)#interface se1\/0
R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.0.2 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)#no shut
R1(config-if)#exit
R1(config)#interface fa0\/1
R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)#no shut<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Kompyuterlarga IP address beramiz:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
PC0 IP: 192.168.1.50
Gateway: 192.168.1.1
PC0 IP: 192.168.2.50
Gateway: 192.168.2.1<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Kompyuterdan routerga ping berib ko\u2019ramiz:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
ping 192.168.1.1<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Kompyuterdan routerning serial interfeysiga ping berib ko\u2019ramiz:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
ping 192.168.0.1 \u2013 bunda ping ga javob bor
ping 192.168.0.2 \u2013 bunda ping ga javob yo\u2019q, kompyuter ko\u2019radi lekin javob signali yo\u2019q.<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Routerlarga marshrut yozamiz:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
R2(config)#ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.0.1 
R2#show ip route
R1(config)#ip route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.0.2
R1#show ip route<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Floating static route\/Administrative distance\/ Load balancing<\/h2>\n\n\n
\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
Administrative distance<\/strong> – bu marshrutlash ma’lumotlarining ishonchli manbasi. Bir xil manzilga turli xil marshrutlash protokollaridan foydalangan holda ikki yoki undan ortiq marshrut mavjud bo’lganda marshrutizatorlar optimal yo’nalishni tanlash uchun foydalaniladi.
Load balancing<\/strong> – bu marshrutdagi yuklanishni taqsimlash degadi.
Floating static route<\/strong> \u2013 bu aloqa uzilganda foydalanish uchun qo\u2019shimcha rezerv aloqa hisoblanadi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Routerlarga yangi se1\/1 interfeysiga yana bitta kabel bog\u2019laymiz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Router 1 ni sozlaymiz:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
R1(config)#interface se1\/1\nR1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.3.1 255.255.255.0\nR1(config-if)#no shut<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Router 2 ni sozlaymiz:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
R2(config)#interface se1\/1\nR2(config-if)#ip address 192.168.3.2 255.255.255.0\nR2(config-if)#no shut<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Statik marshrutlarni sozlaymiz:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
R1(config)#ip route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.3.2\nR1#show ip route\nR2(config)#ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.3.1\nR2#show ip route<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Administrativ distance ni o\u2019zgartiramiz:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
R1(config)#no ip route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.3.2\nR1(config)#ip route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.3.2 10\nR2(config)#no ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.3.1\nR2(config)#ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.3.1 10\nR1#show ip route<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Routing between VLANs<\/h2>\n\n\n
\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
Amaliyot<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Cisco 2811 routeridan 1 ta Cisco 2960 switchidan 1 ta va 2 ta kompyuterni bog\u2019laymiz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Switchni sozlamiz:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Switch(config)#interface vlan 51\nSwitch(config)#exit\nSwitch(config)#interface vlan 52\nSwitch(config)#interface fa0\/1\nSwitch(config-if)#switchport mode access\nSwitch(config-if)#switchport access vlan 51\nSwitch(config)#interface fa0\/2\nSwitch(config-if)#switchport mode access\nSwitch(config-if)#switchport access vlan 52\nSwitch(config)#interface fa0\/3\nSwitch(config-if)#switchport mode trunk<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Kompyuterlarga IP beramiz:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
PC0 ga 192.168.1.50 Gateway 192.168.1.1\nPC1 ga 192.168.2.50 Gateway 192.168.2.1<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Routerni sozlamiz:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Router(config)#interface fa0\/0.51\nRouter(config-subif)#encapsulation dot1Q 51\nRouter(config-subif)#ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0\nRouter(config)#exit\nRouter(config)#interface fa0\/0.52\nRouter(config-subif)#encapsulation dot1Q 52\nRouter(config-subif)#ip address 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0\nRouter(config)#exit\nRouter(config)#interface fa0\/0\nRouter(config-if)#no shut<\/pre>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Router on a stick<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":7861,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_editorskit_title_hidden":false,"_editorskit_reading_time":3,"_editorskit_is_block_options_detached":false,"_editorskit_block_options_position":"{}","footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-7856","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-network"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/step-up.uz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7856","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/step-up.uz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/step-up.uz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/step-up.uz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/step-up.uz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7856"}],"version-history":[{"count":23,"href":"https:\/\/step-up.uz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7856\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8375,"href":"https:\/\/step-up.uz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7856\/revisions\/8375"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/step-up.uz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7861"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/step-up.uz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7856"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/step-up.uz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7856"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/step-up.uz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7856"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}