{"id":7178,"date":"2022-06-02T17:19:53","date_gmt":"2022-06-02T12:19:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/step-up.uz\/?p=7178"},"modified":"2022-11-09T10:51:56","modified_gmt":"2022-11-09T05:51:56","slug":"virtual-lokal-tarmoqlar-va-vtp","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/step-up.uz\/en\/virtual-lokal-tarmoqlar-va-vtp\/","title":{"rendered":"Virtual lokal tarmoqlar va VTP."},"content":{"rendered":"
\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

VLAN va uning vazifasi?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    VLAN<\/strong> – inglizcha Virtual Local Area Network so\u2019zlarining qisqartmasi bo\u2019lib, bu virtual lokal tarmoq deganidir. VLAN router va kommutatorlarda bitta fizik tarmoq interfeysida (Ethernet, Wi-Fi) bir nechta virtual lokal tarmoqlarni yaratishga imkon beruvchi funktsiya. VLANlar fizik topologiyadan mustaqil ravishda mantiqiy tarmoq topologiyasini yaratish uchun ishlatiladi.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n
\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n
\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

VLAN-dan foydalanishning afzalliklari<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
    \n
  • Tarmoqning o’tkazuvchanligini kamaytiradigan translyatsiya so’rovlari sonini kamaytirish.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Har bir virtual tarmoq xavfsizligini oshirish. Ofisdagi bitta bo’lim xodimlari o’zlarining VLAN-lariga kirmagan bo’limlar trafigini nazorat qila olmaydilar va ularning resurslariga kira olmaydilar.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Geografik jihatdan bir-biridan uzoq bo’lgan bo’limlarni yoki foydalanuvchilarni ajratish yoki birlashtirish qobiliyati. Bu ish jarayoniga ofis binosi tashqarisidagi mutaxassislarni jalb qilishga imkon beradi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Kabelga ulanmasdan va switch sotib olmasdan yangi virtual tarmoq yaratishingiz mumkin.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Turli xil switchlarga ulangan kompyuterlarni bitta tarmoqqa birlashtirishga imkon beradi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Tarmoq administratorining ishini soddalashtirish. VLAN foydalanuvchisi boshqa xonaga yoki binoga ko’chib o’tganda, tarmoq administratori kabellarni qayta ulashga hojat yo’q, tarmoq uskunasini ish joyidan qayta sozlash kifoya. Va dinamik VLAN-lardan foydalanilgan holda, foydalanuvchi yangi joyda avtomatik ravishda «o’z» VLAN-da ro’yxatdan o’tadi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n
    \n
    \"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

    VLAN bo\u2019yicha amaliyot rejasi<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
      \n
    1. Cisco 2960 switchini o\u2019rnatamiz.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    2. 2 ta VLAN yaratamiz \u201cVLAN 2\u201d va \u201cVLAN 3\u201d<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    3. Ularga nom beramiz: VLAN 2 -> \u201cACCOUNTING\u201d
      VLAN 3 -> \u201cSALES\u201d<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    4. fa0\/1-12 portlarni VLAN2 ga fa0\/13-24 portlarni VLAN3 ga biriktiramiz.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    5. Barcha STP portlarni o\u2019chiramiz.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    6. fa0\/1 portga PC0 kompyuterni bog\u2019laymiz.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    7. PC0 kompyuterga 192.168.1.50 IPsini beramiz.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    8. fa0\/2 portga PC1 kompyuterni bog\u2019laymiz.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    9. PC1 kompyuterga 192.168.1.51 IPsini beramiz.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    10. Ping buyrug\u2019ini PC0 dan PC1 ga berib tekshiramiz.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    11. PC1 ni fa0\/2 dan fa0\/24 ga o\u2019zgartiramiz.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    12. Ping buyrug\u2019ini PC0 dan PC1 ga berib tekshiramiz.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    13. PC0ni fa0\/1 dan fa0\/23 ga o\u2019zgartiramiz.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    14. Ping buyrug\u2019ini PC0 dan PC1 ga berib tekshiramiz.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

      Amaliyot<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
        \n
      1. VTP statusni tekshirish va o\u2019zgartirish:
        Switch#show vtp status
        Switch(config)#vtp mode transparent<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      2. VLAN holatini tekshirish:
        Switch#show vlan<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      3. VLAN yaratamiz:
        Switch(config)#vlan 2
        Switch(config-vlan)#name ACCOUNTING
        Switch(config-vlan)#exit
        Switch(config)#vlan 3
        Switch(config-vlan)#name SALES
        Switch(config-vlan)#exit<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      4. VLAN ga portlarni biriktiramiz:
        Switch(config)#interface range fa0\/1-12
        Switch(config-if-range)#switchport mode access
        Switch(config-if-range)#switchport access vlan 2
        Switch(config-if-range)#exit
        Switch(config)#interface range fa0\/13-24
        Switch(config-if-range)#switchport mode access
        Switch(config-if-range)#switchport access vlan 3
        Switch(config-if-range)#exit<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      5. VLAN holatini tekshiramiz:
        Switch#show vlan<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      6. STP (loopga qarshi protocol) ni barcha portlardan o\u2019chiramiz:
        Switch(config)#interface range fa0\/1-24
        Switch(config-if-range)#spanning-tree portfast<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      7. fa0\/1 portga PC0 kompyuterni bog\u2019laymiz.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      8. PC0 kompyuterga 192.168.1.50 IPsini beramiz.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      9. fa0\/2 portga PC1 kompyuterni bog\u2019laymiz.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      10. PC1 kompyuterga 192.168.1.51 IPsini beramiz.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      11. Ping buyrug\u2019ini PC0 dan PC1 ga berib tekshiramiz.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      12. PC1 ni fa0\/2 dan fa0\/24 ga o\u2019zgartiramiz.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      13. Ping buyrug\u2019ini PC0 dan PC1 ga berib tekshiramiz.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      14. PC0ni fa0\/1 dan fa0\/23 ga o\u2019zgartiramiz.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      15. Ping buyrug\u2019ini PC0 dan PC1 ga berib tekshiramiz.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

        VTP bo’yicha amaliyot<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
          \n
        1. Cisco 2960 switchini o\u2019rnatamiz va SW1 deb nom beramiz.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        2. Barcha STP portlarni o\u2019chiramiz.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        3. 2 ta VLAN yaratamiz \u201cVLAN 2\u201d va \u201cVLAN 3\u201d<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        4. Ularga nom beramiz: VLAN 2 -> \u201cACCOUNTING\u201d
          VLAN 3 -> \u201cSALES\u201d<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        5. fa0\/1-12 portlarni VLAN2 ga fa0\/14-24 portlarni VLAN3 ga biriktiramiz.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        6. fa0\/13 portni TRUNK modega o\u2019tkazamiz.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        7. Cisco 2960 switchdan yana bitta o\u2019rnatamiz va uning VTP modeni Client qilamiz va nomini SW2 deb nomlaymiz va ikkala switchga ham vtp domain yozamiz.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        8. fa0\/13 portni orqali 2 ta switchni bog\u2019laymiz.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        9. PC0 kompyuterga 192.168.1.50 IPsini beramiz.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        10. PC1 kompyuterga 192.168.1.51 IPsini beramiz.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        11. PC2 kompyuterga 192.168.1.52 IPsini beramiz.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        12. Kompyuterlarni boshqa boshqa switchlarga bog\u2019lab ping buyrug\u2019i oraqali VLAN lar o\u2019rtasidagi aloqani tekshiramiz.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n
          \n
          \"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

          VLAN, VTP<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":7187,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_editorskit_title_hidden":false,"_editorskit_reading_time":3,"_editorskit_is_block_options_detached":false,"_editorskit_block_options_position":"{}","footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[107],"class_list":{"0":"post-7178","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-network","8":"tag-vlan"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/step-up.uz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7178","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/step-up.uz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/step-up.uz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/step-up.uz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/step-up.uz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7178"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/step-up.uz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7178\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8368,"href":"https:\/\/step-up.uz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7178\/revisions\/8368"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/step-up.uz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7187"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/step-up.uz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7178"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/step-up.uz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7178"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/step-up.uz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7178"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}