{"id":1838,"date":"2022-03-17T14:43:27","date_gmt":"2022-03-17T09:43:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/step-up.uz\/?p=1838"},"modified":"2022-11-08T16:22:37","modified_gmt":"2022-11-08T11:22:37","slug":"1-dars-tarmoq-turlari-va-topologiyalari-tarmoq-administratori-kim","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/step-up.uz\/en\/1-dars-tarmoq-turlari-va-topologiyalari-tarmoq-administratori-kim\/","title":{"rendered":"Tarmoq turlari va topologiyalari. Tarmoq administratori kim?"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-heading\">Tarmoq administratorligi o&#8217;quv kursi kimlar uchun mo`ljallangan? <\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify has-black-color has-text-color has-medium-font-size\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tarmoq administratorligi o&#8217;quv kursi o&#8217;z kelajagini IT texnologiyalar orqali qurmoqchi bo&#8217;lganlar uchun zamonaviy tarmoq texnologiyalarini o`rgangan holda, tarmoq qurilmalarini sozlash va ularni real tarmoqlarda tadbiq qilishni o`rganishni xohlovchilar uchun mo`ljallangan. Darslar ma&#8217;ruza matnlari, rasmlar, videolar, simmuliyator dasturlar, emmulator dasturlar, tarmoq o&#8217;yinlari, tarqatma materiallar orqali olib boriladi. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-heading\"><strong>Kurs qatnashchilariga talablar?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-medium-font-size wp-block-list\">\n<li>Kompyuter va internetda erkin ishlash;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Matematikadan bazaviy ko`nikmalarga ega bo`lish;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Dasturlashni bilish talab etilmaydi!<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-heading\"><strong>Qanday<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>natijaga<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>erishasiz<\/strong><strong>?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-medium-font-size wp-block-list\">\n<li>Tarmoqlarning ishlash prinsiplarini tushunish;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Tarmoq qurilmalari va aloqa kabellarini sozlay olish;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Tarmoq va qurilmalarning xavfsizligini ta&#8217;minlash;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Kommutatsiya va marshrutizatsiya protokollarini ishlashini amaliyotda ko`rish;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Tarmoq laboratoriyasida real tarmoq qurilmalari bilan ishlagan holda, amaliy holatda tarmoq qurish;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Simsiz aloqa tarmoqlari bilan ishlash (WiFi); <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Tarmoq firewallari orqali tarmoqni boshqarish.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-heading\"><strong>Tarmoq <\/strong><strong>texnologiyalarini<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>qanday<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>o\u2019rganish<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>mumkin<\/strong><strong>?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-medium-font-size wp-block-list\">\n<li>Kitoblar;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Internet resurslar;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>O\u2019quv kurslari.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-heading\"><strong>Nima<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>uchun<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>tarmoqni<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>mustaqil<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>o\u2019rganish<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>qiyin<\/strong><strong>?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-medium-font-size wp-block-list\">\n<li>Tarmoq texnologiyalari va protokollar juda ko\u2019p.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Tarmoqni o\u2019rganish: barchasini yoki hech qaysisini (yuqoridagilarni o\u2019rganmasdan to\u2019liq tushunish qiyin).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-heading\"><strong>Muammolar<\/strong><strong>:<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-medium-font-size wp-block-list\">\n<li>Mavzular yuzasidan ketma-ketlikning yo\u2019qligi;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ko\u2019plab texnik detallarning tushunish uchun murakkabligi (rasm).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-heading\"><strong>Tarmoq administratori kim?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify has-black-color has-text-color has-medium-font-size\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Bugungi kunda internet hayotimizning har bir sohasiga kirib anchagina qulayliklar yaratib beryapti. Uning hali foydalanilmagan imkoniyatlari ham talaygina. Endi savol: internet o\u02bbzi nima, u qanday ishlaydi? Bu aslini olganda judayam murakkab savol. Bu savolga batafsil javob berishingiz uchun esa siz tarmoq administratori (network administrator) bo\u02bblishingiz kerak. Bu nafaqat qiziq, balki yaxshigina daromadli soha ham. Xuddi dasturlashdagi kabi, qayerga bormang, sizga doim ish topiladi, \u201cyaxshigina maosh\u201d tayin. Qolaversa, buning uchun universitetni aynan shu sohada bitirib chiqishingiz shart emas. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify has-black-color has-text-color has-medium-font-size\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Agar dasturchi bo\u02bblsangiz ham, albatta, sizda ancha keng imkoniyatlar mavjud lekin tarmoq administratori dastur yaratmaydi balki tayyor yaratilgan dastur va qurilmalarni soz holatda saqlashga va ulardan unumli foydalanishga javobgar. Bu xuddi buxgalterning ishiga o\u02bbxshaydi: barcha formula va qonun-qoidalar tayyor yozilgan \u2014 siz ulardan foydalanib mijozingizning soliq va boshqa majburiyatlarini yengillatishingiz kerak. Tajribangiz oshib borgani sari bu ishlarni karra jadvaliday eplay boshlaysiz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify has-black-color has-text-color has-medium-font-size\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Agar imkoniyat va qiziqish bo\u02bblsa, tarmoq administratorining yoniga tizim administratorligini (System administrator) qo\u02bbshishingiz mumkin. Bu kasb egalari server va boshqa ma\u02bblumot markazlarini sozlash uchun javobgar bo\u02bbladilar va ko\u02bbp hollarda asosiy ishlari Linux operatsion tizimi bilan ishlash bo\u02bbladi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-heading\"><strong>Tarmoq tushunchasi<\/strong>.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify has-medium-font-size\"><strong>Kompyuter tarmog&#8217;i<\/strong> &#8211; foydalanuvchilarni aloqa kanallari va kommutatsiya vositalarini qo&#8217;llagan holda o&#8217;zaro ma&#8217;lumot almashishlari, tarmoqdagi texnik, dasturiy, axborot resurslaridan foydalanishlari uchun yagona tizimga ulangan kompyuterlar to&#8217;plamidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify has-medium-font-size\">U foydalanuvchilarga turli resurslar, kompyuter, mobil telefon, printer, skaner va hokazolar orasida ulanish va axborotni taqsimlash imkonini beradi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify has-medium-font-size\">Ko&#8217;plab sohalarda, elektrik injiniring, telekommunikatsiya, computer science, axborot texnologiyalarida kompyuter tarmoqlari konsepsiyasidan foydalaniladi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\">Keng tarqalgan kompyuter tarmog&#8217;i bu &#8211; <strong>INTERNET.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-heading\"><strong>Tarmoq komponentalari<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-medium-font-size\"><strong>1.&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>Qurilma<\/strong><strong>:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-medium-font-size\">a) Oxirgi qurilmalar (kompyuter, telefon, printer, faks va h.k);<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/step-up.uz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/1.png\" alt=\"\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-medium-font-size\">b) Oraliq qurilmalari<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-medium-font-size\">(router, switch, hub va h.k);<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/step-up.uz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"747\" height=\"507\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-medium-font-size\"><strong>2. <\/strong><strong>Vosita<\/strong><strong> (<\/strong><strong>ulanish<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>usuli<\/strong><strong>):<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-medium-font-size\">a) mis (med) kabel:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-medium-font-size\">1) simmetrik &#8211; parali kabellar;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-medium-font-size\">2) koaksial;<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/step-up.uz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/3.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"559\" height=\"318\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-medium-font-size\">b) Optik kabel:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-medium-font-size\">1) bir modali \u2013 magistralda ishlatiladi;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-medium-font-size\">2) ko&#8217;p modali \u2013 lokal tarmoqda ishlatiladi;<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/step-up.uz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/4.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"471\" height=\"236\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-medium-font-size\">c) Simsiz aloqa (wi-fi, bluetooth va h.k);<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/step-up.uz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/5.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"621\" height=\"307\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-medium-font-size\"><strong>3. Xizmat &#8211; Tarmoq taqdim etadigan xizmatlar (audio\/video qo&#8217;ng&#8217;iroq, ma&#8217;lumot uzatish va h.k).<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/step-up.uz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/6.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"633\" height=\"338\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-heading\"><strong>Tarmoqlarning turlari<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/step-up.uz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/8-1024x496.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1857\" width=\"636\" height=\"307\" srcset=\"https:\/\/step-up.uz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/8-1024x496.png 1024w, https:\/\/step-up.uz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/8-300x145.png 300w, https:\/\/step-up.uz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/8-768x372.png 768w, https:\/\/step-up.uz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/8.png 1176w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 636px) 100vw, 636px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/step-up.uz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/9-1024x506.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1858\" width=\"629\" height=\"311\" srcset=\"https:\/\/step-up.uz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/9-1024x506.png 1024w, https:\/\/step-up.uz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/9-300x148.png 300w, https:\/\/step-up.uz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/9-768x379.png 768w, https:\/\/step-up.uz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/9.png 1176w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 629px) 100vw, 629px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-heading\"><strong>LAN (Lokal tarmoqlar)<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-medium-font-size\"><strong>LAN <\/strong><strong>tarmog\u2019ining<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>afzalliklari<\/strong><strong>:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-medium-font-size wp-block-list\">\n<li>uydagi yoki ofisdagi foydalanuvchilar orasida printerlarni birgalikdagi foydalanish imkoniyatini beradi;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>LAN tarmog\u2018i foydalanuvchiga \u043e\u2018zidagi ixtiyoriy tarmoqda ishlash uchun imkoniyatni taqdim etadi;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>barcha ma\u2019lumotlarni tarmoqdagi yagona katalogda saqlash va undan foydalanuvchilar tomonidan birgalikda foydalanish imkonini yaratish.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-medium-font-size\"><strong>LAN <\/strong><strong>tarmog\u2019ining<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>kamchiliklari<\/strong><strong>:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-medium-font-size wp-block-list\">\n<li>fayllarni taqsimlangan holda foydalanish imkoniyatini taqdim etgani bois, u foydalanishni nazoratlash uchun alohida xavfsizlik choralarini k\u043e\u2018rishni talab etadi;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>fayl serverdagi kichik nosozlik, server mashinasiga ulangan barcha foydalanuvchilar ishiga salbiy ta\u2019sir qiladi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/step-up.uz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/10.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"522\" height=\"348\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-heading\"><strong>WAN (Mintaqaviy tarmoqlar)<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-medium-font-size\"><strong>WAN <\/strong><strong>tarmog\u2019ining<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>afzalliklari<\/strong><strong>:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-medium-font-size wp-block-list\">\n<li>WAN tarmog\u2018i bir \u2013 biridan geografik tomondan alohida bo\u2018lgan tomonlarni kam xarajat va osonlik bilan ulash imkoniyatini beradi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-medium-font-size\"><strong>WAN <\/strong><strong>tarmog\u2019ining<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>kamchiliklari<\/strong><strong>:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-medium-font-size wp-block-list\">\n<li>tuzilish jaxatidan juda ham murakkab;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>past \u043e\u2018tkazish qobilyatiga ega va ulanishni uzilish xavfi yuqori.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/step-up.uz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/11.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"518\" height=\"389\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-heading\"><strong>MAN (Shahar tarmog\u2019i)<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-medium-font-size\"><strong>MAN <\/strong><strong>tarmog\u2019ining<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>afzalliklari<\/strong><strong>:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-medium-font-size wp-block-list\">\n<li>MAN tarmog\u2018ida kompyuterlarni bog\u2018lash kanallari yuqori \u043e\u2018tkazuvchanlik qobilyatiga egaligi sababli, ma\u2019lumotlarni oson taqsimlash imkoniyatini beradi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>K\u043e\u2018plab foydalanuvchilar uchun ma\u2019lumotlarni taqsimlashda teng tezkorlik taqdim etadi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-medium-font-size\"><strong>MAN <\/strong><strong>tarmog\u2019ining<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>kamchiliklari<\/strong><strong>:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-medium-font-size wp-block-list\">\n<li>Birinchi marta foydalanishdan oldin ma\u2019lumot \u043e\u2018rnatilish va sozlanishlarni talab etadi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>LAN tarmog\u2018iga qaraganda yuqori narxga ega.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/step-up.uz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/12.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"549\" height=\"312\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-heading\"><strong>PAN (Shaxsiy tarmoq)<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-medium-font-size\"><strong>Mazkur tarmoq \u043e\u2018rnatilgan ulanish orqali qurilmalar orasida ma\u2019lumot va fayllarni taqsimlash imkoniyatini beradi.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/step-up.uz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/13.png\" alt=\"\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-heading\"><strong>CAN (Campus tarmog\u2019i)<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-medium-font-size\"><strong>CAN <\/strong><strong>tarmog\u2019i<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>quyidagi<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>xususiyatlarga<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>ega<\/strong><strong>:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-medium-font-size wp-block-list\">\n<li>narx nuqtai nazaridan samarali;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>kampusdagi turli b\u043e\u2018limlar \u043e\u2018rtasida \u043e\u2018zaro aloqa \u043e\u2018rnatish imkoniyatini beradi;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>ma\u2019lumotlarni taqsimlashda bir xil tezlikni taqdim etadi;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>buzilishga chidamli;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>CAN tarmog\u2018i keyinchalik \u043e\u2018zgartirish va rivojlantirishga qulay;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>tarmoqdan foydalanishda foydalanuvchilarni autentifikatsiyadan \u043e\u2018tkazgani bois CAN tarmog\u2018i yuqori xavfsizlikni ta\u2019minlaydi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/step-up.uz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/14.png\" alt=\"\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-heading\"><strong>Tarmoq topologiyalari<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/step-up.uz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/17.png\" alt=\"\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table has-medium-font-size\"><table class=\"has-black-color has-text-color\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>Yulduz<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Shina<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Halqa<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Mesh<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Daraxt<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Gibrid<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Tarmoqdagi kompterlarga kabel orqali ulangan markaziy habdan (tugun) iborat.<\/td><td>Tarmoqda yagona kabel barcha kompyuterlarni \u043e\u2018zida birlashtiradi.<\/td><td>Halqa topologiya tarmoqdagi barcha tugunlarni \u043e\u2018zaro bog\u2018laydi.<\/td><td>Tarmoqdagi barcha kompyuter va tugunlar bir-biri bilan \u043e\u2018zaro bog\u2018langan b\u043e\u2018ladi.<\/td><td>Topologiya shina va yulduz topologiyalarning kombinatsiyasidan tashkil topgan<\/td><td>Gibrid topologiya \u043e\u2018zida ikkita turli topologiyani mujassamlashtirgan b\u043e\u2018ladi.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Tarmoqda har bir kompyuter yoki tugun markaziy tugunga individual bog\u2018langan b\u043e\u2018ladi.<\/td><td>Shina topologiyada ixtiyoriy tugun tomonidan tarmoq \u201cHello message\u201d (network broadcast) signali uzatiladi.<\/td><td>Yuboriluvchi va qabul qilinuvchi ma\u2019lumot TOKEN yordamida manziliga yetkaziladi.<\/td><td>Ushbu topologiya biror kompyuter buzilgan taqdirda ham ma\u2019lumotlar almashinuvini ta\u2019minlashni maqsad qiladi.<\/td><td>Daraxt topologiya yulduz topologiyalarni asosiy kabelga ulash orqali hosil qilinadi<\/td><td>Tashkilot \u043e\u2018z talablaridan kelib chiqqan holda gibrid topologiya asosida tarmog\u2018ini quradi.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-heading\"><strong>Yulduz topologiyasi<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-medium-font-size\"><strong>Yulduz <\/strong><strong>topologiyasining<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>afzalliklari<\/strong><strong>:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-medium-font-size wp-block-list\">\n<li>markaziy hub yoki tugun orqali tarmoqni markazlashgan holda boshqarish;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>topologiyaga osonlik bilan yangi tugunni kiritish yoki olib tashlash imkoniyati;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>bir kompyuter tugunining buzilishi qolganlarining ishiga ta\u2019sir qilmaydi;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>tarmoqdagi b\u043e\u2018lgan uzilishni osonlik bilan aniqlash mumkin va muammoni osonlik bilan bartaraf etish imkonini beradi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-medium-font-size\"><strong>Yulduz <\/strong><strong>topologiyasining<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>kamchiliklari<\/strong><strong>:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-medium-font-size wp-block-list\">\n<li>markaziy nuqtadagi b\u043e\u2018lgan uzilish butun topologiyaga ta\u2019sir k\u043e\u2018rsatadi;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>markaziy nuqta sifatida router yoki kommutatordan foydalanish tarmoqni amalga oshirish narxini oshiradi;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>yangi tugunni tarmoqqa q\u043e\u2018shish markaziy tugunni imkoniyatiga bog\u2018liq b\u043e\u2018ladi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/step-up.uz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/18.png\" alt=\"\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-heading\"><strong>Shina topologiyasi<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-medium-font-size\"><strong>Shina <\/strong><strong>topologiyasining<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>afzalliklari<\/strong><strong>:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-medium-font-size wp-block-list\">\n<li>shina tarmoqqa yangi tugunni q\u043e\u2018shish juda ham oson;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>amalga oshirishda kam xarajatlik;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>kichik tarmoqlarda yaxshi ishlaydi;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>yulduz topologiyaga qaraganda kam kabel talab etiladi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-medium-font-size\"><strong>Shina <\/strong><strong>topologiyasining<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>kamchiliklari<\/strong><strong>:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-medium-font-size wp-block-list\">\n<li>yangi tugun kiritish kabelning uzunligiga bog\u2018liq;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>asosiy kabeldagi biror buzilish butun tarmoq ishiga ta\u2019sir qiladi;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>kabelning har ikkala tomonida terminatorni b\u043e\u2018lishi shart;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>xizmat k\u043e\u2018rsatish narxi yuqori;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>yuqori tezlikdagi tarmoqlar uchun \u043e\u2018rinli emas;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>manbadan uzatilgan signalni barcha tugunlar qabul qilgani kabi, u tarmoqning xavfiszligiga ta\u2019sir qiladi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/step-up.uz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/19.png\" alt=\"\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify is-style-default has-medium-font-size\">Bu topologiyada kompyuterlar kabelga BNC deb nomlangan maxsus ulagich yordamida ulanadi bu ulagichlar T ulagichlari deb ham tanilgan.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/step-up.uz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/BNC-connector-1-1024x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7118\" width=\"257\" height=\"257\" srcset=\"https:\/\/step-up.uz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/BNC-connector-1-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/step-up.uz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/BNC-connector-1-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/step-up.uz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/BNC-connector-1-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/step-up.uz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/BNC-connector-1-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/step-up.uz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/BNC-connector-1-100x100.jpg 100w, https:\/\/step-up.uz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/BNC-connector-1-140x140.jpg 140w, https:\/\/step-up.uz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/BNC-connector-1-500x500.jpg 500w, https:\/\/step-up.uz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/BNC-connector-1-350x350.jpg 350w, https:\/\/step-up.uz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/BNC-connector-1-1000x1000.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/step-up.uz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/BNC-connector-1-800x800.jpg 800w, https:\/\/step-up.uz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/BNC-connector-1.jpg 1080w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 257px) 100vw, 257px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/step-up.uz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/image-25-1024x576.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7119\" width=\"475\" height=\"266\" srcset=\"https:\/\/step-up.uz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/image-25-1024x576.png 1024w, https:\/\/step-up.uz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/image-25-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/step-up.uz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/image-25-768x432.png 768w, https:\/\/step-up.uz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/image-25.png 1366w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 475px) 100vw, 475px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-heading\"><strong>Halqa topologiyasi<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-medium-font-size\"><strong>Halqa<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>topologiyasining<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>afzalliklari<\/strong><strong>:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-medium-font-size wp-block-list\">\n<li>bir tomonga y\u043e\u2018naltirilgan trafik oqimi;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>har bir tugun faqat b\u043e\u2018sh b\u043e\u2018lgan vaqtdagina ma\u2019lumotni uzata oladi;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>markazlashgan biror tarmoq serveri talab etilmaydi;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>shina topologiyana qaraganda amalga oshirish qulayligi (trafik hajmi oshmasligi sababli);<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>barcha tugunlarni ma\u2019lumotdan foydalanishda bir xil imkoniyatga ega;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>tarmoqda yangi tugunni q\u043e\u2018shilishi tarmoqning butun \u043e\u2018zgarishiga ta\u2019sir qilmaydi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-medium-font-size\"><strong>Halqa<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>topologiyasining<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>kamchiliklari<\/strong><strong>:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-medium-font-size wp-block-list\">\n<li>tarmoqda har bir tugundan signalning \u043e\u2018tishi sekin jarayon;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>ixtiyoriy tugundagi buzilish butun tarmoqning buzilishiga olib keladi;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>tugunlarni ulash uchun k\u043e\u2018p kabel talab etiladi va bu ortiqcha xarajatni talab etadi;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>trafik barcha tugunlar uchun taqsimlanadi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/step-up.uz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/20.png\" alt=\"\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-heading\"><strong>Mesh topologiyasi<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-medium-font-size\"><strong>Mesh <\/strong><strong>topologiyasining<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>afzalliklari<\/strong><strong>:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-medium-font-size wp-block-list\">\n<li>ma\u2019lumotlarni davomli uzatishga imkoniyat beradi;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>yuqori trafikni \u043e\u2018tkazish imkoniyati mavjud;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>tugunlardan birini buzilishi butun tarmoqqa ta\u2019sir qilmaydi;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>tarmoqni kengaytirish osonlik bilan amalga oshiriladi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-medium-font-size\"><strong>Mesh <\/strong><strong>topologiyasining<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>kamchiliklari<\/strong><strong>:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-medium-font-size wp-block-list\">\n<li>k\u043e\u2018plab ulanishlarning mavjudligi sababli yuqori darajali ortiqchalik;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>boshqa tarmoq topologiyalariga qaraganda yuqori narxga egalik;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>tarmoqni qurish uchun k\u043e\u2018p vaqt va ma\u2019muriy ye\u2019tibor talab qiladi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/step-up.uz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/21.png\" alt=\"\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-plain has-medium-font-size\">Bu topologiya mahalliy tarmoqlarda deyarli qo&#8217;llanilmaydi asosan internet kabi keng tarmoqlarda qo&#8217;llaniladi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-heading\"><strong>Daraxt topologiyasi<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-medium-font-size\"><strong>Daraxt<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>topologiyasining<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>afzalliklari<\/strong><strong>:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-medium-font-size wp-block-list\">\n<li>yulduz va shina topologiyalarni amalga oshirish murakkab b\u043e\u2018lgan holarda foydalanish foydali;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>tarmoqni osonlik bilan kengaytirish imkonini beradi;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>ushbu topologiyada yulduz topologiyani loyihalash tugunlarni osonlik bilan boshqarish imkonini beradi;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>xatoliklarni aniqlash va tuzatish xususiyatlarini ta\u2019minlaydi;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>har bir yulduz kabel asosiy kabelgan kabellar orqali ulanadi;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>yulduz topologiyadagi tarmoqni buzilishi qolgan tarmoqlar ishiga xalaqit bermaydi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-medium-font-size\"><strong>Daraxt<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>topologiyasining<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>kamchiliklari<\/strong><strong>:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-medium-font-size wp-block-list\">\n<li>asosiy kabelga yetkazilgan ixtiyoriy buzilish butun tarmoq faoliyatiga ta\u2019sir qiladi;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>ushbu topologiya tarmoqni osonlik bilan kengaytirish<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>imkonini bersada, butun tarmoqni boshqarish murakkab<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>jarayon hisoblanadi;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>tarmoqni kengaytirish imkoniyati foydalanilgan<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>asosiy kabel turiga bog\u2018liq.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/step-up.uz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/22.png\" alt=\"\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-heading\"><strong>Gibrid topologiya<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-medium-font-size\"><strong>Gibrid<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>topologiyaning<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>afzalliklari<\/strong><strong>:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-medium-font-size wp-block-list\">\n<li>tarmoqning boshqa sektori ishiga ta\u2019sir qilmasdan xatoliklarni aniqlash va tuzatish imkoniyatini ta\u2019minlaydi;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>q\u043e\u2018shimcha tugunllarni osonlik bilan q\u043e\u2018shish imkoniyati;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>tashkilotlarga \u043e\u2018z talabidan kelib chiqib tarmoqni loyihalashtirish imkonini beradi;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>k\u043e\u2018plab topologiyalarni \u043e\u2018zida mujassamlashtirish imkoniyatini beradi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-medium-font-size\"><strong>Gibrid<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>topologiyaning<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>kamchiliklari<\/strong><strong>:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-medium-font-size wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u043e\u2018zida k\u043e\u2018plab topologiyalarni mujassamlashtirgani bois, arxitekturani juda ham aniqlik bilan loyihalash talab etiladi;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>gibrid topologiyada k\u043e\u2018p sonli tarmoq kabellaridan foydalanilgani bois yuqori narxga ega.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/step-up.uz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/23.png\" alt=\"\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-heading\">Video ma&#8217;lumotlar<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-4-3 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Network Types:  LAN, WAN, PAN, CAN, MAN, SAN, WLAN\" width=\"1080\" height=\"810\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/4_zSIXb7tLQ?start=35&#038;feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-4-3 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Network Topologies (Star, Bus, Ring, Mesh, Ad hoc, Infrastructure, &amp; Wireless Mesh Topology)\" width=\"1080\" height=\"810\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/zbqrNg4C98U?start=2&#038;feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-heading\">Amaliy topshiriqlar<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\">Amaliy topshiriqlar va ularni bajarish bo&#8217;yicha qo&#8217;llanmalar, auditoriya darslarida berib boriladi!<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>PAN, LAN, MAN, GAN<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6839,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_editorskit_title_hidden":false,"_editorskit_reading_time":7,"_editorskit_is_block_options_detached":false,"_editorskit_block_options_position":"{}","footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-1838","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-network"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/step-up.uz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1838","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/step-up.uz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/step-up.uz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/step-up.uz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/step-up.uz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1838"}],"version-history":[{"count":33,"href":"https:\/\/step-up.uz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1838\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8323,"href":"https:\/\/step-up.uz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1838\/revisions\/8323"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/step-up.uz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6839"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/step-up.uz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1838"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/step-up.uz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1838"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/step-up.uz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1838"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}