VLANlar o’rtasida marshrutizatsiya
Eski variant (lekin amaliyotda ishlatilmoqda)
Yaxshiroq yechim (Router on a stick)
L3 switch orqali marshutizatsiya
Marshutizatsiya asoslari
Amaliyot
Cisco Packet Tracer dasturini ishga tushuramiz va ishni 2 ta 2811 router qurilmasini o’rnatishdan boshlaymiz, keyin 2 ta 2960 switch olamiz va routerlarda serial interfeys o’rnatilmaganligi sababli qo’shimcha NM-4A/S modulini o’natamiz.
Keyingi bosqich kabellarni bog’lash bo’lib, 2 ta routerni se1/0 interfeysiga Serial DCE kabel turi orqali bog’lab olamiz. Qolgan qurilmalarni ham to’g’ri-to’g’ri bog’lanishli kabel orqali bog’lab olamiz.
Would you like to enter the initial configuration dialog? [yes/no]: no
Router 1 ni sozlaymiz:
Router(config)#hostname R1
R1(config)#interface se1/0
R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.0.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)#no shut
R1(config-if)#exit
R1(config)#interface fa0/1
R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)#no shut
Router 2 ni sozlaymiz:
Router(config)#hostname R2
R1(config)#interface se1/0
R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.0.2 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)#no shut
R1(config-if)#exit
R1(config)#interface fa0/1
R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)#no shut
Kompyuterlarga IP address beramiz:
PC0 IP: 192.168.1.50
Gateway: 192.168.1.1
PC0 IP: 192.168.2.50
Gateway: 192.168.2.1
Kompyuterdan routerga ping berib ko’ramiz:
ping 192.168.1.1
Kompyuterdan routerning serial interfeysiga ping berib ko’ramiz:
ping 192.168.0.1 – bunda ping ga javob bor
ping 192.168.0.2 – bunda ping ga javob yo’q, kompyuter ko’radi lekin javob signali yo’q.
Routerlarga marshrut yozamiz:
R2(config)#ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.0.1
R2#show ip route
R1(config)#ip route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.0.2
R1#show ip route
Floating static route/Administrative distance/ Load balancing
Administrative distance – bu marshrutlash ma’lumotlarining ishonchli manbasi. Bir xil manzilga turli xil marshrutlash protokollaridan foydalangan holda ikki yoki undan ortiq marshrut mavjud bo’lganda marshrutizatorlar optimal yo’nalishni tanlash uchun foydalaniladi.
Load balancing – bu marshrutdagi yuklanishni taqsimlash degadi.
Floating static route – bu aloqa uzilganda foydalanish uchun qo’shimcha rezerv aloqa hisoblanadi.
Routerlarga yangi se1/1 interfeysiga yana bitta kabel bog’laymiz.
Router 1 ni sozlaymiz:
R1(config)#interface se1/1 R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.3.1 255.255.255.0 R1(config-if)#no shut
Router 2 ni sozlaymiz:
R2(config)#interface se1/1 R2(config-if)#ip address 192.168.3.2 255.255.255.0 R2(config-if)#no shut
Statik marshrutlarni sozlaymiz:
R1(config)#ip route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.3.2 R1#show ip route R2(config)#ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.3.1 R2#show ip route
Administrativ distance ni o’zgartiramiz:
R1(config)#no ip route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.3.2 R1(config)#ip route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.3.2 10 R2(config)#no ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.3.1 R2(config)#ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.3.1 10 R1#show ip route
Routing between VLANs
Amaliyot
Cisco 2811 routeridan 1 ta Cisco 2960 switchidan 1 ta va 2 ta kompyuterni bog’laymiz.
Switchni sozlamiz:
Switch(config)#interface vlan 51 Switch(config)#exit Switch(config)#interface vlan 52 Switch(config)#interface fa0/1 Switch(config-if)#switchport mode access Switch(config-if)#switchport access vlan 51 Switch(config)#interface fa0/2 Switch(config-if)#switchport mode access Switch(config-if)#switchport access vlan 52 Switch(config)#interface fa0/3 Switch(config-if)#switchport mode trunk
Kompyuterlarga IP beramiz:
PC0 ga 192.168.1.50 Gateway 192.168.1.1 PC1 ga 192.168.2.50 Gateway 192.168.2.1
Routerni sozlamiz:
Router(config)#interface fa0/0.51 Router(config-subif)#encapsulation dot1Q 51 Router(config-subif)#ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0 Router(config)#exit Router(config)#interface fa0/0.52 Router(config-subif)#encapsulation dot1Q 52 Router(config-subif)#ip address 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0 Router(config)#exit Router(config)#interface fa0/0 Router(config-if)#no shut